Agriculture industry represents the production of food and goods through farming.
Agriculture led to the rise of human civilization with the husbandry of the domesticated  animals  and plants (crops) creating food surpluses that enabled the development of a more densely populated and stratified societies.

Agriculture industry encompasses a wide variety of specialties and techniques, including the ways to expand the lands suitable for plant raising or growing, by digging for irigation channels and for other forms of irrigation. Crops cultivation on arable land and pastoral herding of livestock on rangeland are at the foundation of agriculture industry. In the developed countries the range usually extends between sustainable agriculture (e.g. permaculture or organic agriculture) and intensive farming (e.g. industrial agriculture).

In the modern agronomy, plant breeding, pesticides, fertilizers and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation and at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. With selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry such as intensive pig farming (and similar practices applied to the chicken) livestock has similarly increased the output of meat and have raised concerns about animal cruelty and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.

The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. In the 2000s agriculture and livestock years, plants have been used to grow biofuels, biopharmaceuticals, bioplastics and pharmaceuticals. Specific foods contains cereals, vegetables, fruits, and meat. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Other useful materials are produced by plants, such as resins. Biofuels include methane from biomass, ethanol, and biodiesel. Cut flowers, nursery plants, tropical fish and birds for the pet trade are some of the ornamental products.

Despite the size of its workforce, agricultural production accounts for less than five percent of the gross world product.